He punished the children          their carelessness         making them pay for the damage.

by; for

with; by

for; by

about; with

考查介词。句意：他因为孩子们的粗心惩罚他们赔偿损失。根据句意可知：“their carelessness"表示他们被惩罚的原因，需用介词for表原因。"making them pay for the damage"表示他们被惩罚的方式，需用介词by表方式。故选C项。

— Is it my age ________the boss minds?
—I’m afraid so. He will consider ________ necessary to have an experienced assistant.

which；it

that；it

which；that

that；that

考查强调句型和it的用法。第一空that与it is构成强调句型。第二空it是一个形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式to have an experienced assistant，选B。

One of the man holds the view          the book said was right.

that

whether

what that 

that what

考查同位语从句及主语从句。句意：其中一个人认为这本书说的是对的。分析句子可知，the view后面接了一个同位语从句（     the book said was right.），从句句子成分齐全，应使用that 引导，连接词在从句中不做成分，无意义。在同位语从句中又有一个主语从句（     the book said），在主语从句中said 缺少宾语，应用what 引导，指代“......的（事情，东西）”。故选D项。

While we may not be born with a nature talent, we can          for it with hard work.

break up

take up

bring up

make up

考查动词短语辨析。句意：虽然我们可能没有与生俱来的天赋，但我们可以通过努力工作来弥补。A. break up打碎；B.take up 拿起，开始从事；C.bring up提出；D. make up 弥补。根据上文we may not be born with a nature talent可知没有与生俱来的天赋，所以要通过努力工作来弥补。故选D项。

— Father, you promised!

—Well,____．But it was you who didn't keep your word first．

so was I 

so did I 

so I was 

so I did

考查部分倒装“So + be/情态动词/助动词 + 主语”与表强调的“So + 主语 + be/情态动词/助动词”区别。根据语境“you promised（你许诺过）”和答语“But it was …”可知爸爸回答“我的确许诺过”，且promised是过去时，所以表强调要用助动词did,故选D。句意：——爸爸，你许诺过。——好啦，我的确许诺过。但是是你先没有遵守诺言。

Great amounts of water            poured into the river from the factories two years ago.

was

were

has been

have been

考查时态和主谓一致。句意：两年前，工厂将大量废水排入河中。根据two years ago 可知，句子使用一般过去时。....amounts of修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，即谓语动词与amounts保持数的一致。故选B项。

It is six months         the online class started.

that

until

before

since

考查固定句型。句意：在线课程已经开始六个月了。A. that 那，那个；B. until直到..... 为止；C. before在.....之前；D. since自.....以来。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定句型“ It is +一段时间+since引导的时间状语从句”，意为“自从......以来已经有多长时间了”，since从句中用非延续性动词。故选D项。